SociologyBA notes and study material for 1st 2nd 3rd year

SOCIOLOGICAL OBSERVATION   What is sociological observation?  Sociological observation means observations which we do from our surroundings and question on everything which we see.  For example if we saw a bigger begging a social audit will not question that it is his personal problem where as the sociologist can arise the questions that it may be due to the lack of the government because the government has now made many ashram and all. Sociologist can also question that this is the problem is of the government that maybe they didn't get job due to which they are like this means it is the problem of the system.  According to C wright mills  In accordance to his view we can say that it is a social problem not a personal issue. Because in India there are lacks of beggars.  Solution to this problem  1. A counselling can be done  2. If they had any trauma they can be sent to a ashram built by the government so that these people cannot be exploite...

What is Common Sense? So common sense in the terms means those activities that we perform in our daily life but do not rise questions over those activities.These activities come under common sense. What would Sociology ask? Sociology would ask why it is common? Why we do not raise questions to those common sense activities. For example celebrating of Birthday, wearing College uniform daily So the main moto is Sociology asks WHY? We do not question to our self that why do we go to school daily? Now education platforms are provided online so why should students go to school? So the main thing of sociology with respect to common sense is that to make the things which looks at familiar make them unfamiliar. Like why do we remove our shoes before entering the temple? People also regard hospital as a temple because people visit to doctor there and cure themselves.So Sociology will ask if you regard it as a temple why are not removing the shoes before entering the hospital? So as i have said ...

  What is socialization? The term socialization is a process which the human beings interact with each other.This is known as socialization. OR The process by which the human beings learns the culture,norms and values of the society it is known as socialization. Process of socialization Primary socialization  It is the process which is started after the birth from 0-8 yrs. Agency of primary socialization •Family • mother What does primary socialization give him language,basic manners and love. •Secondary socialization It take place from 8-10yrs  Agents School Fire Peer Group What he learns-: Competition  Team work Anticipatory socialization  When we prepare ourself for the future goal. Example a student preparing for upsc thinks like ips officer from the initial stage of his preparation. Adult/developmental socialization  Example-: Job,Marriage,becoming father,learning to perform the new roles. Resocialization It means learning the new cultures norms values...

  SHORT VIEW ON INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION(2600-1900 BCE) The indus valley civilization composed of two major cities-: 1.Harappan -- Located near the river Ravi in Punjab province of Pakistan 2.Mohenjodaro-- Located near the Indus River in Sindh province in  Pakistan  The name of the civilisation was harappan civilization because the city was located in harappa pakistan. To the above context Sociologist may ask  1.What could be the reason people living in a grp? 2.What development made their cognitive power so strong that they end up making these 2 famous cities. Both the cities were major part of the trade. Now lets have a snapshot view on this civilisation  Many cities were divided into two parts upper town and lower town in the upper town only elites used to live where as in the lower town people such as artisans,peasants used to live. Construction The walls were made up of baked bricks which lasted to 1000 yrs.The city consist of streets,roads,good drainage s...

 Max weber  Max weber was born in 1864 germany. In his beginnings he studied law. Later, he shifted to the study of social sciences.His Ph.D thesis was on the history of commercial societies of the middle ages.In 1896 he became a professor of economics.In additional to his scholarly concerns,Weber also pursed his political interests.It appeared that he will be major figure in German intellects life.In 1897, Weber had a clash with his father after a month his father died.Shortly thereafter,Weber suffered a complex breakdown and did not recover for more than fiver years.He travelled a great deal especially to Switzerland and Italy.Then,almost unexpectedly in 1903, his intellectual forces were gradually restored.He became the th editor of a leading German Social Science Jorunal.He again resumed a full life i.e. 1918 to 1920,he again took active part in politics and wrote a no. Of newspaper articles and papers on politics of the hour.Weber died in june 1920. The Protestant Ethic a...

  NATURE OF SOCIETY To chalo ham log baat karte Hain Aaj nature of society ke bare mein toh yahan per question hota hai ki what is the  nature of society to uske liye simple se do theory ham log padhenge theek hai to vah do theory kis chij ka hai to ek hota hai social contract ka theory aur ek Hai organic theory. So what is organic theory Sociologist compare society or state to a magnified human being he divided society into three classes the rulers the warriors and the partitions based upon the three faculties of the human soul that is wisdom courage and desire.  Iska matlab yah hai ki jo sociologist the unhone kiya tha ki society ko unhone divide kiya tha three classes mein jo ki pahla hota hai ruler dusra hota hai warrior aur teesra hota Hai artisans. For example the worker form the soil and the man who work in the mines factories and workshops are the elementary organs of society the wholesalers retailers bankers railway and stream shape men may correspond to the vasc...

WHAT IS SOCIETY  Introduction  Sociology is the study of society. But the main question is, what is society? Many students think that society is just a group of people living together. But in Sociology, society has a different meaning. In this post, we will discuss the definition of society, evolution of society and types of society in simple language. What is society? According to Sociology society is not the group of people, it is the forms of interactions that takes place between two or more individuals it is known as society.  Impact of society on individual  According to Sociology an individual is nothing without a society because society teaches  the individual to speak,how to behave,how to eat, how to work and even the knowledge system through which he is studying now is given by the society.  So we can say that in every aspect of life society is one step ahead of an individual. ‘‘An individual is responsible for his own actions but the actions are r...

Some fundamental concepts of sociology First we will define what is a society so society according to sociology is not the group of people but it is the complex forms of interactions that takes place between two people or more than two people it is known as society.Example family Society versus individual  •Society is composed of individuals and the individuals cannot exist without society.  •As a coin has two faces, heads and tales society and individuals are the faces of that coin.  •Society cannot exist without cooperation.  •Society cannot exist without like mindness.  •An individual cannot claim that he is not part of society as society has taught him how to speak how to behave and even how to eat and also gave him the language. •Hence Society according to Maclver is the web of social relationships. Characteristics of society-: 1. Society composed of individuals  2. Society cannot exist without cooperation  3. Society cannot exist without like - m...

  Sociology vs history Basis Sociology History Definition Scientific study of society and social relationships Study of past events of human society Time Focus Studies present society Studies past events Nature It is a general science, studies society as a whole It is a special science, studies only past Methods Uses observation, survey, comparison Uses historical records and documents Example What is the effect of unemployment on society today? What were the causes of French Revolution in 1789? Next. Basis Sociology Political Science Meaning Study of all social institutions and relationships Study of State, Government and power only Scope Very wide, studies whole society Narrow, studies only political life Origin New science, 1838 by Comte Old science, started from Ari...