SHORT VIEW ON INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION(2600-1900 BCE)
The indus valley civilization composed of two major cities-:
1.Harappan -- Located near the river Ravi in Punjab province of Pakistan
2.Mohenjodaro-- Located near the Indus River in Sindh province in Pakistan
The name of the civilisation was harappan civilization because the city was located in harappa pakistan.
To the above context Sociologist may ask
1.What could be the reason people living in a grp?
2.What development made their cognitive power so strong that they end up making these 2 famous cities.
Both the cities were major part of the trade.
Now lets have a snapshot view on this civilisation
Many cities were divided into two parts upper town and lower town in the upper town only elites used to live where as in the lower town people such as artisans,peasants used to live.
Construction
The walls were made up of baked bricks which lasted to 1000 yrs.The city consist of streets,roads,good drainage systems, market for trading etc.
Some people say that the rulers made them live in that area so that the trade can take place easily and precious items can be extracted by the rulers.
Now lets talk about living-:
The people used to grow cereals,wheat,rice etc and others used to do herding.
This is the process by which the food reached the elite town.
Some other famous sites are also there such as
Rakhigarhi in Haryana
Dholavira in Gujarat
Kalibangan in Rajasthan
Lothal in Gujarat
There was a great bath in mohenjodaro known as the great bath it has stairs from 2 sides and rooms along it. After the use the water was drained out.The drainage systems was connected to the small drainage systems to big ones.
The great bath was used by the royal people,rituals,special occasion only and the common people had their bathroom built personally.
The people living in these cities were very much fond of ornaments they used to wear the ornaments made out of the gold and silver they also used to make weapons out of copper and silver.
However you will shocked to know that these cities does not consist if any rulers they were primarily only used a trade centers and living purpose.
Sociologist may ask:-
1.How the people knew to make ornaments out of silver and gold instead of bronze and copper?Do they hv that sense to identify which metal does not react with human skin?
2.Do they hv that science already achieved that we study today?
I raised this question because the first dentist was found in Mehrgarh Pakistan only.Scientist hv found a human skull having a drill in his teeth.So this confirms that the dentist also have an origin in Balochistan Mehrgarh Pakistan.
According to many people the people living in in mohenjodaro and harappa were very much modernised.
Things that led to the declination of the civilisation-:
Some people say it was due to the Aryan's when they migrated from north this theory is not complete correct because in mohenjodaro there were no evidence of it yes the skeleton of about 30 people were found but no cut was there in there skeleton.
Some say it was due to the natural calamities such as earthquake, drought, flood and this can be right because the evidence have been found.
Some say river indus and Saraswati changed their route due to the above mentioned calamities.
Some say due to the diseases the civilisation vanished
Diseases such as
TB
Malaria
Leprosy (A state where the nervous system becomes numb u feel nothing if someone bites you in a numb area)
I believe in the theory of natural calamities which could be real because due to it the civilisation started declining about after 1300 BCE and fully vanished in 600 BCE.The cities were abandoned and no one was living there people moved to gangetic plains.
So lets sum up our discussion by concluding that the harappa and mohenjodaro was not only the first civilization in the world but the first civilization found was in Egypt then Mesopotamia then the two major cities Harappa and mohenjodaro.
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